For the past fifteen years, breast cancer has consistently held the top spot among oncological diseases affecting women, accounting for nearly a quarter of all newly diagnosed cancer cases. However, recent years have shown a positive trend: a decrease in breast cancer mortality, largely attributed to earlier detection of the disease.
This information was shared by Mikhail Mazo, a senior researcher at the National Center for Oncology of Reproductive Organs within the P.A. Gertsen Moscow Research Oncological Institute. His remarks were made during a roundtable discussion where leading scientists and medical professionals explored modern approaches to breast cancer prevention, diagnosis, surgical treatment, and reconstruction.
Advanced Diagnostic Tools and Recommendations
Mazo explained that mammography, an X-ray examination of the breast, allows for the detection of tumors as small as two millimeters – often two to three years before they can be physically felt. Based on this capability, he advises women between 40 and 75 years of age to undergo mammography once every two years, especially if they do not have additional risk factors.
He further clarified that breast ultrasound does not replace mammography but rather complements it. Ultrasound is particularly effective in visualizing dense breast tissue, commonly found in younger women (under 35-40 years old). Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is recommended for breast cancer screening in high-risk groups, such as individuals with a strong family history or known genetic mutations, and also for further investigation when other diagnostic results are ambiguous.
Three Major Breast Cancer Diagnosis Myths Debunked
The scientist specifically addressed and debunked three common misconceptions regarding breast cancer diagnosis:
Myth 1: “Mammography is harmful due to radiation.”
The truth: The radiation dose received during mammography is exceedingly small, and the significant benefits of early cancer detection far outweigh any potential risks.
Myth 2: “If there`s no pain, there`s no need for screening.”
Mikhail Mazo asserts that early-stage breast cancers are frequently asymptomatic and painless, making regular screenings crucial even in the absence of discomfort.
Myth 3: “No family history means I`m not at risk.”
He emphasized that “approximately 80 percent of breast cancer cases are sporadic, meaning they are not directly linked to inherited genetic predispositions.” Therefore, a lack of family history does not guarantee immunity.
Global Awareness and Local Initiatives
Globally, October is designated as `Breast Cancer Awareness Month,` focusing on the importance of early diagnosis. In Russia, the `Aware October 2025` campaign will feature a dedicated forum for patients. This initiative aims to raise awareness about breast cancer, promote the widespread adoption of early diagnostic practices, and launch a series of programs focused on educating and supporting women affected by the disease.
Rupert Blackwood 
Clement Ashworth